?_g˙˙˙˙ eWNlćŁę2MRI Review QuestionsCopyright 1997 Ray Ballinger/&;)z4˙˙ ” ˙˙˙˙|CONTEXTd@|CTXOMAP*8|FONT7|SYSTEM|TOPIC–|TTLBTREE58|bm0“H|bm1ĘP|bm2ž[ c:\windows\TEMP\~hc6 ô9Ÿc:\windows\TEMP\~hc7c:\windows\TEMP\~hc7o€¨ c:\windows\TEMP\~hc7ƒ2z2˙˙˙˙ 9˙˙˙˙E1¤˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙E°ContentsZ& Ÿ4 8€N€”€‡"€€€‚˙MRI Review QuestionsVersion 0.9ĹE°L f€‹€¨€‚ăţ B€‰€‚ăїFA€‰€‚ăoČŞŻ€‰€‚˙This is an expanded version of the review questions that accompany the MRI Tutor program. These questions may be used by radiology residents as a review for the MRI section of the ACR written board examination or by radiology technologists for review for the MRI Registry examination. Click on the green (underlined) word for links to the answers. The answer box can be closed with a second click anywhere in the box.Test 1Test 2Test 3ٟ°' €ł€¨ü€˙This program and it's contents are copyright 1997 by Ray Ballinger and may be used without fee by individuals and non-profit educational institutions. All others should contact the author for licensing requirements.7°ç1}˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ç-Test 4- °$ €€”€ ‚˙Test 4Ěç-M h€™€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚˙1.CHESS does not work well at low field strengths because:Not enough SNR in low field magnetsIt takes too long to be practical at low fieldThe water and fat peaks are too close together7d1ƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙dźDTest 1- -‘$ €€”€ ‚˙Test 1^˜dďĆ Z1€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚˙1.A 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner has a magnetic field strength equal to about _____________ times that of the earth's magnetic field.1,5003,00015,00030,0002.The resonance frequency of protons at 1.5 Tesla is about:38 MHz42 MHz64 MHz84 MHz84 kHz3.Gradient coils are used to:Excite the nucleiImprove the magnetic field homogeneityLocalize the imagesIš‘8  î€s€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚˙4.Motion artifacts for conventional MR imaging occur in which direction?Slice-selectPhase-encodingFrequency-encoding5.Most superconducting magnets when compared to resistive magnets (there may be more than one right answer):Are more expensive to purchaseConsume more electricityAre turned off at the end of the dayRequire liquid helium to operateAre more likely to be used in high-field scanners7xďo ż Lń€¨€ƒ€ €âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚˙6.Which of the following nuclei cannot be imaged using MRI?H-1C-12C-13Na-23P-317.A computer can be booted from which of the following types of memory (there may be more than one right answer)?RAMROMHard DriveFloppy Drive8.An RF coil can detect signal from magnetization in the:Longitudinal planeTransverse plane)…8 ˜¤  €¨€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒ€ €âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙9. Increasing the field strength of the MRI magnet ___________ the precession frequency of the nucleus.IncreasesDecreasesDepends on type of magnet10.Which of the following parameters does not effect the scan time?NEXTRTEMatrix size11.Increasing the magnetic field strength of a magnet will do what to the T1 of tissues?IncreaseDecreaseało AŽ *g€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙12.The knocking sound heard when an MRI scanner is running is caused by vibration of the:RF coilGradient coilsmain magnet coil13.Solid materials usually have a short T˜A-2.TrueFalse14.Shim coils are used to improve the homogeneity of the main magnetic field.TrueFalse15.Paramagnetic contrast agents cause signal enhancement by:Increasing the T1Decreasing the T1Increasing the T2b˜"Cť DĹ€¨€ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚˙16.In pure water the T1 and T2 are approximately equal.TrueFalse17.In human tissue and tumors, the:T1>T2>T2*T2>T1>T2*T1>T2*>T2T2*>T2>T118.Which of the following coils is used for localization?RF coilGradient coilShim coil19.An artificial heart valve is a contraindication for MRI.TrueFalse2ËATDg œ€—€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙20.What equiptment (beyond the 5 Gauss line) would be effected by a nearby MRI scanner?Floor bufferNuclear medicine gamma cameraComputer monitorUltrasound scannerFilm changerh*"CźD> L€T€¨üăїFA€‰€ăÝ.Ŕ퀉€˙To Test 2Back to Contents Page7TDóD1˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙óDç„Test 2- źD E$ €€”€ ‚˙Test 2NóD'Gš @€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙1.A permanent magnet MRI scanner consumes electricity to maintain it's magnetic field.TrueFalse2.Which of the following parameters can have an effect on the scan time?Flip angleBandwidthSlice thicknessMatrixFOV3.1.0 Tesla is equal to how many Gauss?1,0002,00010,00020,000gŒ EŽJŰ „€¨€ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚€ ƒâr?@€ ‰€ âr?@€ ‰€ âU”@@€ ‰€ âr?@€ ‰€ ‚ƒâU”@@€ ‰€ âr?@€‰€ ‚€ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙4.The gradient coils can be used to fine tune the magnetic field homogeneity.TrueFalse5.The T1 of pure water is about:20-30 ms200-300 ms2-3 sec20-30 sec6.The purpose of the gradient coil is to define planes and volumes in the patient.TrueFalse7.Shortening the acquisition time may be useful for imaging patients who cannot hold still for long. Which of the following will reduce the MRI acquisition time? (more than one right answer)Decrease the phase encoding stepsDecrease the frequency encoding stepsDecrease the number of acquisitions (NEX)Decrease the TRDecrease the FOV‘ž'GMÓ t}€¨€ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙8.Spatial resolution can be improved by:Decreasing the slice thicknessDecreasing the matrix sizeDecreasing the FOVDecreasing the NEXIncreasing the NEX9.The maximum magnetic field that is safe for all people is:50 gauss line10 gauss line5 gauss line1 gauss line0.5 gauss line10.SNR will be increased by:Use of a surface coilUse of a quadrature coilUse of a phased-array coilqŽJ"O’ ň€ă€¨€ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙11.The number of possible slices can be increased by:Increasing the TRIncreasing the TEIncreasing the NEX12.FFT stands for:Frequency Fourier TransformFast Frequency TransferFast Fourier Transform13.A surface coil has to be oriented __________ to the longitudinal axis of the magnet to work optimally.parallelperpendiculardĹM’Ÿ ‹€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙14.The return of longitudinal relaxation to equilibrium in a "O’źDmagnetic field is called:T2 relaxationspin-spin relaxationspin-lattice relaxation15.A resistive magnet MRI scanner's magnetic field requires the following to maintain it's field:CryogensElectricityPermanently magnetized material16.Chemical shift artifacts are caused by:Patient motionFrequency difference between water and fatEddy currents>ž"OЃ  =€¨€ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙17.CHESS is an acronym for:A fat suppression techniqueA gradient echo sequenceA type of artifact18.Motion artifacts occur in the:read-out directionfrequency-encoded directionphase-encoded directionslice-select direction19.Increasing the bandwidth will:Increase chemical shift artifactsDecrease chemical shift artifactsHave no effect on chemical shift artifactsąe’„L h€Ę€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙20.Increasing the bandwidth will do what to the SNR:IncreaseDecreaseHave no effectf)Ѓç„= J€R€¨üăoČŞŻ€‰€ăÝ.Ŕ퀉€˙To Test 3Back to Contents Page7„…1ä ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙…×ŔTest 3- ç„K…$ €€”€ ‚˙Test 3E…‡Ć Z˙€¨€ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙1.SNR will be increased by:Increase the number of averagesIncrease the matrix sizeIncrease the FOVIncrease the slice thickness2.Patients with pacemakers should stay beyond the:50 gauss line10 gauss line5 gauss line3.The most common common reconstruction method for MRI is:1DFFT2DFFTback projectionalgebraicgeometrici°K…ů‰š @a€¨€ƒâU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙4.The following factors can cause loss or absence of signal with MRI on T1- and T2-weighted images:Flowing bloodFlowing CSFCalcificationAirSusceptibility artifactsAll of the above5.The net magnetization is detected when it is in the:Transverse planeLongitudinal plane6.Decay of transverse magnetization is called:T1 relaxationspin-spin relaxationspin-lattice relaxationšß‡“Œť Dż€¨€ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙7.The resonant frequency of nuclei is proportional to the magnetic field strength.TrueFalse8.A superconducting magnet requires a constant source of electricity to maintain it's magnetic field.TrueFalse9.Which of the following are fat suppression techniques:STIRCHESSFLASHFLAIR10.The resonant frequency difference between fat and water _________ with increase in the magnet strength.IncreasesDecreasesDoesn't change„Éů‰ť D“€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€‚ƒâU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚˙11.Chemical shift artifacts generally occur in the:phase-encoding directionread-out directionslice-select direction12.dB/dT refers to the rate of change of:The main magnetic fieldThe RF fieldThe gradient field13.Motion artifacts can occur in the frequency-encoding direction with echo-planar imaging.TrueFalse14.Tendons are usually dark on MRI images because of:Lack of protonsShort T2Long T1´&“Œ×ŔŽ ę€M€¨€ƒâr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ƒâr?@€‰€âU”@@€‰€âr?@€‰€‚ăÝ.Ŕ퀉˙15.Normal tendons occationally appear bright on short TE sequences because of:Chemical×Ŕç„ shift artifactGibbs artifactOverflow artifactMagic angle artifact16.Surface coils are usually:Transmit and receiveReceive onlyTransmit only Back to Contents Page6 Á1’˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ÁiÁwrong\(×ŔiÁ4 8€R€”€ˆ"€€ ˙Sorry, This is the wrong answer6 ÁŸÁ1‹˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ŸÁôÁrightU iÁôÁ5 :€B€”€ˆ"€ƒƒƒ€˙Yesss!!! 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